Literature Review

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, causing persistent stiffness, back pain, and reduced mobility. Early diagnosis helps slow structural damage, while treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, preserving spinal function, and improving quality of life. A combination of medical management, targeted exercise, and osteopathic techniques can help manage symptoms and enhance daily function. Understanding the condition empowers patients to take an active role in long-term care and self-management.
Ankelosing Spondilitis
Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, causing persistent stiffness, back pain, and reduced mobility. Early diagnosis helps slow structural damage, while treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, preserving…
Dural Adhesion
Dural adhesion refers to the abnormal binding of the dura mater—the outermost protective membrane of the spinal cord—to surrounding structures due to scar tissue formation. Typically arising from spinal surgery, trauma, or inflammation, these fibrous bands…
Superior Gluteal Nerve Entrapment Syndrome
Superior Gluteal Nerve Entrapment Syndrome is an underrecognized cause of lateral hip pain, gait disturbance, and weakness of hip abduction. It occurs when the superior gluteal nerve becomes compressed in the deep gluteal space, often near…
Does Idiopathic Scoliosis Run in Families?
Idiopathic scoliosis shows a clear familial tendency, with first-degree relatives carrying a significantly higher risk than the general population. Research suggests a complex pattern involving multiple genes and environmental influences rather than a single inherited cause.…
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH): Clinical Overview and Management
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH) is a systemic condition characterized by flowing ossification along the spine and peripheral entheses. Affecting up to one-third of older adults, DISH often presents with stiffness, reduced mobility, and in cervical…
How to Find Out If a Child Has Scoliosis: A Practical Guide for Parents
Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine that often develops during childhood and adolescence. Because most cases cause no pain, early signs can be subtle—such as uneven shoulders, an asymmetrical waist, or rib prominence during…
Idiopathic Scoliosis: An Introduction
Idiopathic scoliosis is a structural spinal deformity characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine measuring at least 10 degrees, accompanied by vertebral rotation, without identifiable congenital or neuromuscular causes. It most commonly develops during adolescence…
Low Back Pain
Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent and disabling musculoskeletal conditions worldwide. The global burden is profound; according to major epidemiological analyses and the Lancet series, LBP is now recognized as the leading…
Fryette’s Laws: Contemporary Research and Clinical Application
Fryette’s Laws describe the classic patterns of spinal coupling that guide osteopathic assessment and treatment. Modern research shows these patterns are more variable than once believed, yet they remain valuable for understanding motion, identifying somatic dysfunction,…
Postural Kyphosis and Osteopathic Approaches: A Clinical Review
Postural kyphosis is a reversible functional disturbance that responds well to a combination of osteopathic manual therapy and corrective exercise. By focusing on the OD-HA angle and the restoration of sagittal balance, clinicians can move beyond…
Postural Kyphosis Literature Review
Postural kyphosis is a common, flexible thoracic spine curvature in adolescents, caused by poor posture, muscle imbalance, and prolonged sedentary behavior. Unlike structural deformities, vertebral morphology remains normal. Early assessment using digital imaging, photogrammetry, or center-of-mass…
Scheuermann’s Disease: A Comprehensive Review
Scheuermann’s disease is a structural cause of rigid thoracic or thoracolumbar kyphosis in adolescents. It involves anterior vertebral wedging, irregular endplates, and Schmorl’s nodes, creating a fixed spinal curve that differs from postural kyphosis. Symptoms may…
Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Injury Management: An Osteopathic Perspective
Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex injuries are painful and frustrating because the wrist is involved in nearly every daily task. Osteopathic management offers a whole-body approach that restores balance, reduces stress on the injured tissues, and improves long-term…
Osteopathic Management of Chronic Back Pain Induced by Macromastia: A Systematic Literature Review
Macromastia-induced back pain is a multi-causal condition requiring a holistic approach. While Breast Reduction Surgery (BRP) offers a structural solution by physically removing the load, OMT provides an essential service for those seeking conservative care or…
Idiopathic Winged Scapula: A Comprehensive Review
Idiopathic winged scapula involves scapular medial border protrusion without clear trauma or nerve injury. It impairs shoulder stability and overhead function. Postural imbalance and muscular inhibition may contribute. Diagnosis is clinical. Osteopathic management—including myofascial release, neuromuscular…